Publications

Research, data, and analysis on mixed migration, covering different routes, themes, trends, and scenarios, alongside articles and expert opinions.

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Research Reports and Papers

Routes in flux: is EU migration policy working?  

Why falling irregular arrivals do not mean EU migration policy is working. Analysis of deterrence,…

The Mixed Migration Centre Routes in Flux Paper on EU migration strategy
Photo: Emrah Özesen / IOM
Research Reports and Papers

How Smuggling Really Works: Drivers, Operations, and Impacts

Evidence from +80,000 interviews with refugees & migrants and +450 interviews with smugglers.

Migrants on their way through the desert towards the border with Algeria
Photo: Sven Torfinn/Panos
Research Reports and Papers

Afghan Returns

Based on surveys with 747 Afghan returnees and 32 in-depth interviews carried out in 2025.

Thousands of Afghans cross back into their homeland through the Islam Qala border in Herat province, following a sharp rise in mass returns from Iran. In recent weeks, the number of returnees has surged dramatically—many arriving with few belongings after being deported or forced to leave due to growing insecurity. The border has seen unprecedented crowds, with some days recording over 30,000 people returning in urgent and difficult conditions. 
Photo: UNHCR/Oxygen Empire Media Production, 2025
Article

Migrant workers, climate, and constraint: Behind the scenes of Saudi Arabia’s labour engine

Construction worker on scaffold in protective gear.
© Faisal Nasser / Reuters, 2014

Examining mixed movement dynamics in Madagascar 

Research Reports and Papers

Mixed movement to, through, and from Madagascar

Sailboat on calm ocean with distant mountains

Climate adaptation among farming households in Sikasso, Mali

Research Reports and Papers

Cette étude de cas vise à comprendre l’impact des changements climatiques sur les décisions d'(im)mobilité des agriculteur∙rice∙s de la région…

Climate adaptation among farming households in Sikasso, Mali

Climate and Migration to Mali

Research Reports and Papers

Ce rapport étudie les parcours de migration internationale vers le Mali impactés par les effets du climat.

Report on climate and mobility in Mali, April 2026.

Mixed movements to Comoros along the Western Indian Ocean Route

Snapshots and Infographics

Mixed movements to Mayotte along the Western Indian Ocean Route

Snapshots and Infographics

Mixed Migration Review 2026

Mixed Migration Review MMR 2026

Essay competition now open

Mixed Migration Review 2026 emerging perspectives essay competition announcement.

Annual report 2025

MMC Annual Reports

MMC annual report 2025.

Mixed Migration Centre 2025 Annual Report cover

Kenya: climate change, mobility, and conflict dynamics

Research Reports and Papers

Based on 1,067 interviews with Somali and Ethiopian refugees and migrants.

Kenya country brief on climate change, mobility, and conflict.

Somalia: climate change, mobility and conflict dynamics

Research Reports and Papers

Based on 1,062 interviews with Ethiopian and Yemeni refugees and migrants

Somalia country brief on climate change, mobility, and conflict.

Burundi: climate change, mobility, and conflict dynamics 

Research Reports and Papers

Based on +1000 interviews with internally displaced persons (IDPs).

Burundi country brief on climate change, mobility, and conflict.

South Sudan: climate change, mobility, and conflict dynamics 

Research Reports and Papers

Based on 1,136 interviews with internally displaced persons (IDPs).

South Sudan country brief on climate change, mobility, and conflict

Venezuelans in the Americas face uncertainty in light of political changes at home and in exile

Article

How temporary protection mechanisms create legal precarity

Venezuelans in the Americas