Mixed Migration Review 2025
Migration in the context of geopolitical turmoil

Undocumented migrants in urban centres across Europe face complex challenges in accessing housing, employment, healthcare, and protection, with their experiences shaped by legal status, local policies, and socio-economic conditions.
This paper examines the experiences of undocumented migrants in and around Paris and Brussels, with a focus on access to housing, work opportunities, healthcare access, as well as relationship with authorities and return intentions.
MMC conducted 1,002 interviews with undocumented migrants from Afghanistan, Algeria, Guinea, Morocco, and Tunisia between July and December 2024.