Information and Technology

How refugees and migrants access information before and during their journeys is a key focus of MMC’s 4Mi survey. This includes the sources people rely on and what critical information they lacked. MMC also examines how rapid developments in information and technology impact refugees and migrants. Artificial intelligence is increasingly used for border control, surveillance and detention, while digital tools such as smartphones and social media can provide lifelines — helping people stay connected, informed, and safer on the move.

Highlights from 4Mi Data Explorer

27%

of respondents cited friends/family in countries other than that of departure as the most reliable source of information

This was the top most cited reliable source of information overall.

From surveys with +86,600 refugees and migrants worldwide, Jan 2021 – June 2026

73%

of migrants and refugees surveyed had a smartphone in Latin America, 72% had one in West and North Africa

From surveys with +16,300 refugees & migrants in Latin America and +26,400 in West and North Africa, Jan 2021- June 2026

39%

of respondents in Eastern and Southern Africa did not have a functional phone 

From surveys with +20,300 refugees & migrants in Eastern and Southern Africa, Jan 2021 – June 2026

Research Reports and Papers

Online communities: How do people on the move to North America use social media?

Research on how the Spanish-speaking Latin American and Caribbean population on the move northward use Facebook regarding their migration.

Online communities
Photo by: Caleb Oquendo from Pexels
Snapshots and Infographics

Understanding information sources and gaps among Afghan, Chin, and Rohingya refugees in India

Snapshots and Infographics

Unpacking migrants’ information access in the Central Sahel

Research Reports and Papers

Mind the information gap

MMR 2025 Essay

AI, surveillance and the privatisation of migration management

MMR 2024 Thematic Focus

Fake News-Driven Anti-Migrant Riots and Protests in the UK

Research Reports and Papers

Community perceptions & information needs of people at risk of irregular migration

Snapshots and Infographics

Afghans in Türkiye: Migration experiences, access to information, and assistance needs

Explore more themes

Drivers & Decision making

Key findings, publications and FAQs on why people move and how decisions are made.

A woman with children, all their luggage, crossing the road.
Photo Gema Cortes / IOM 2024

Smuggling & Trafficking

Key research findings, publications, and FAQs on human smuggling and trafficking.

Truck with people in the desert
Photo: Miguel Almario / IOM 2016

Risks, Protection & Assistance

An overview of our findings and research on the risks people on the move face and their needs.

A man receives treatment in a health clinic, for wounds he endured due to torture by traffickers.
Photo: Paul Choy / IOM 2025, Djibouti

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