This snapshot examines the drivers of Afghan migration to Pakistan, the risks faced en route, and assistance needs upon arrival. The journey to Pakistan and the conditions many Afghans face upon arrival are fraught with risks. Significant visa requirements, particularly after August 2021, have forced many to travel irregularly and upon arrival, Afghans face limited prospects for long-term settlement, restricted access to protection services, and insufficient support to rebuild their lives. Pakistan’s deportation plan, has further exacerbated already precarious conditions and put pressure on many to consider returning to Afghanistan, despite the continued risks awaiting them on return.

The snapshot is based on 962 4Mi surveys conducted with Afghans in Quetta, Islamabad, Karachi and Peshawar between November 2023 and June 2024. All respondents arrived in Pakistan within 24 months of the date of interview. 24% of respondents were women, and 76% were men.