This infographic explores cross-border and pendular movements within the Mandera Triangle — the tri-border region of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. Pendular movements refer to the cyclical or repeated movement of individuals or groups living in border areas between two or more locations, often crossing international borders.

Home to approximately 350,000 people, the Mandera Triangle is a borderland region prone to recurring environmental shocks, including droughts and floods, as well as varying levels of conflict and insecurity. Consecutive failed rainy seasons have exposed communities to food insecurity and water scarcity, eroding agricultural and pastoral livelihoods. These conditions have shifted seasonal migration patterns and intensified displacement and cross-border mobility.

Using a non-probability sampling approach, the infographic helps illustrate where and when people are moving, the drivers behind their movement, the support they receive from their communities, and the assistance they still need.

Methodology: Between September and October 2024, in-person surveys were conducted with 1,034 individuals who had crossed the international borders of Ethiopia, Kenya, or Somalia within the past 12 months.