
October 2025
Research report
This report examines the drivers of onward and mixed movement for refugees and migrants, routes and intentions, smuggling dynamics, and key risks along the Western Indian Ocean Route. It is based on 54 interviews and five focus group discussions with refugees and migrants along the route and in Mayotte and 25 key informant interviews with mixed movement stakeholders. This report aims to fill a critical evidence gap and inform onward and mixed movement policies and programming along this route.
Download the Evidence to Action Brief