November 2025
4Mi snapshot / infographic
Movements along the Eastern Route, which runs from countries in the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, are highly dependent upon smuggling networks owing to the physically challenging terrain, including dangerous sea crossing, and the need to avoid detection by authorities and armed groups. Drawing upon 170 surveys collected directly with smugglers in the Puntland region of Somalia, this infographic examines the setup and operations of their networks.
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