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Quarterly Mixed Migration Updates (Quarter 4 2023)

The latest mixed migration trends and dynamics around the world

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Photo credit: IOM / Giles Clarke

New essay

Between a rock and a hard place

The EU’s transactional approach to migration

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European Union, 2023

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Mixed Migration Review 2023

Regional issues through regional perspectives

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Photo: iStock / Miljko

About MMC’s work in Europe

MMC engages in data collection, research, analysis and policy development on mixed migration in Europe.  

Our primary objectives are to fill the knowledge gap on mixed migration in the region; to inform programming for migrants, particularly in the area of protection; and to inform policy-making around the rights and protection of people on the move. 

In Europe region, MMC’s flagship data collection project 4Mi operates in Greece, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Poland.

Mixed Migration in Europe

Mixed migration to Europe gained massive attention in 2015 when unprecedented numbers reached Greece and Italy. Since then, migration has remained high on the political and public agenda and several migration management initiatives have been put in place by the EU and national governments to combat migrant smuggling, reduce irregular migration and in some cases find legal pathways: The Joint Action Plan signed by the EU and Turkey and the following EU-Turkey Statement, consecutive border closures at the Balkan route and bilateral efforts by Italy to reduce crossings along the Central Mediterranean route.

While we have seen an overall reduction of numbers arriving to Europe since 2016 migrants continue to find ways to enter the region in search for protection and better living conditions. Issues remain: overcrowded EU hot spots in Greece and Italy, detention, collective expulsions, pushbacks, and human rights abuses.

Our funding partners

MMC’s work in Europe is made possible through the generous support and close cooperation with various partners

  • Swiss SDC
  • UNHCR
  • UNODC
  • European Union – Horizon Europe 
  • Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO)

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